Sunday, December 29, 2019

The Importance of Nuclear Power - 951 Words

Did you know nuclear power supplies about 17% of the world’s electricity? (Greenhalgh 1980). It is widely known that the main source of energy, fossil fuel, is being depleted and human population is constantly growing (Greenhalgh 1980). To prevent limiting energy in the future, alternative energy sources must be developed. Nuclear energy is believed to be the best alternative future energy source to replace current energy sources such as fossil fuels. Nuclear energy is superior in its abundance, environment conservation, and safety. Therefore, it should be justified and expanded. However, debatable concerns and weaknesses of nuclear energy challenge further promotion of the nuclear energy development. To accommodate dramatic increases of energy demand by humans, development of nuclear energy is crucial because nuclear energy is abundant. Fossil fuels, currently the biggest supply of energy source, are being depleted yet, energy demand is expected to quadruple by the end of the next century (Zaleski 2000). However, nuclear power can reduce oil dependency and prevent the increasing price of fossil fuel due to limited supply and increased demand. In fact, nuclear power is readily available and will last for hundreds of years as Uranium, the main generator of nuclear energy, is abundant in the ocean (Ferguson 2011). In fact, one pound of U-235, the fissionable material, is equivalent to 1400 tons of coal and to 6000 barrels of oil. The Colorado Plateau, one of many uraniumShow MoreRelatedThe Importance of Government Infrastructural Investment for Nuclear Power Generation634 Words   |  2 PagesHow Important is Government Infrastructural Investment for Nuclear Power Generation? Introduction In an era when many industry analysts project peak oil will be reached by mid-century or sooner, identifying opportunities to promote alternative energy sources assumes new importance and relevance. This paper provides a review of the relevant literature to determine the importance of government infrastructural investment for nuclear power generation. The research will show that these investments areRead MoreThe Effects Of Nuclear Energy On The World Essay1670 Words   |  7 Pagesconcerning the use of nuclear energy around the world, there is also some varying attitudes when it comes to the development in nuclear energy. The nuclear energy proponents tout it as clean energy, since it does not emit the harmful gasses that are associated with fossil fuel. Moreover, the construction of nuclear power stations does not also emit much CO2 such since other sources of energy are used in powering the instruments used. The UAE has embarked on the construction of nuclear energy plant in aRea d MoreThe New Developments Of Nuclear Reactor Technology And Their Importance As A Safe And Base Load Energy Alternative821 Words   |  4 Pagesenergy security is of great importance in order to maintain and sustain the development of any growing economy. Therefore, this work will overview the new developments in nuclear reactor technology and their importance as a safe and base load energy alternative. Mainly, the focus will be on the Generation III (GIII), Generation IV (GIV) reactors and Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) and their safety and efficiency capabilities. A comparison will be held between the nuclear, solar and wind energy sourcesRead MoreChina s Nuclear Program And The State s Stance On Nuclear Weapons1471 Words   |  6 Pagesregards to nuclear power throughout the globe. China’s nuclear infrastructure and expansion has served as a foundation for China’s current nuclear energy industry. What is more, the People’s Republic of China, along with Fran ce, the United States, Russia, and the United Kingdom, is one of the five states that are allowed to possess nuclear weapons as stablished by the Non-Proliferation Treaty. This paper aims to discuss the history behind China’s nuclear program and the state’s stance on nuclear weaponsRead MoreAn Integrated Grand Strategy For The International Order Over The Next 20 Years Essay874 Words   |  4 Pagesmaintained and/or accomplished alone. The U.S. will need to maintain old alliances and develop new ones with emerging powers such as China, India, Russia, Japan, and Brazil. The U.S. will need to adopt a liberal realist strategy and take some necessary steps that would emphasize the importance of developing an integrated grand strategy with the combination of hard power and soft power. First step is the U.S. will need to do is enhance its relationship with China, because if the world’s two most powerfulRead MoreNuclear Power : A New Energy Source Essay1667 Words   |  7 Pageswhen found, the discovery always immediately prompts a race to use this newfound source. In accordance with this behavior, many sought to integrate nuclear power into society upon its development. The difference being nuclear energy is far more complicated and powerful than anything the field of energy has dealt with thus far. There are two types of nuclear reactions, fission and fusion; working reactors only using fission currently. In fission a neutron reacts with Uranium-235 to produce energy, twoRead MoreNuclear Power Plants and Nuclear Waste815 Words   |  3 PagesThe purpose of a nuclear power plant is to produce electricity for supporting increases in consumption. Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation (ENEC) defines nuclear energy as â€Å"the energy released by a nuclear reac tion, especially by fission or fusion. In general terms, nuclear energy uses fuel made from mined and processed uranium to make steam and generate electricity† (ENEC 2011). Nuclear power plant currently producing electricity in the U.S include the Pressurized Water Reactor and the BoilingRead MoreThe Popularity of Green Parties Essay1391 Words   |  6 Pagesirreversible. It would be logical therefore to presume that due to this increasing importance of environmental issues in Europe that the Green Parties in Europe should prosper greatly. However in reality the success of the Green Parties in Europe has been severely hindered. Although it can be said that the Green Parties have experienced greater success in Europe as a result of the increasing importance of environmental issues, the extent to which they have been successful cannotRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis Of 19621502 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 reflects possibly the most precarious moment in nuclear history. For the first time, the world’s two nuclear super powers, the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, were poised to destroy each other in a war of unprecedented proportion. On the brink of what may have escalated into a nuclear war, the leaders of two nations showed courageous restraint and diplomacy to avoid an exchange of brute force and unimaginable desolation. The situation wasRead MorePakistan And The Nuclear Bomb : Motivations Exposed Through A Constructivist Lens1681 Words   |  7 PagesPakistan and the Nuclear Bomb: Motivations Exposed through a Constructivist Lens Intro It is easy to try to frame the actions of the Pakistani government in its quest for nuclear weapons from a realist perspective. Essentially, this is to say that a realist views any state as a rational actor which desires to gain and maintain its own status as a world power player in a system of international anarchy – which is to say there is no entity superior to the state. Additionally, each state will seek

Saturday, December 21, 2019

Gasoline Prices - 1309 Words

Gasoline Prices and State Sales Tax. According to Singers(Aug 24,2017), ITEP’S (July 2017), (July 2017), (Aug 2011), and(December 2011), higher sales and gas tax in Connecticut have consequences and a solution proposed to reduce tax burden on low income family. Based on the readings and my understanding of this topic, I conclude that increasing sales and gas taxes in Connecticut to fix a budget crisis will be financially harmful to low income families and needs to be addressed with the new policy. Singer(Aug 24,2017), pointed out that, Connecticut legislators are deciding to increase the sales tax from its current level to 6.85 percent to fix a budget deficit, estimated to reach $3.5 billion in two years and improve state aid to towns.†¦show more content†¦Comparing sales tax to other states shows that, Connecticut’s sales tax is not among the highest. According to Singers (Aug 24, 2017), the Connecticut 6.35 percent sales tax ranks thirty-two in the US. It is higher than certain state such as Mas sachusetts, and lower than others, such as Rode Island and New York. As Connecticut tries to grow its economy and fix it budgets crisis with higher sales tax, will create a financial problem for the lower and middle classes. â€Å"Based on estimate produced by ITEP data, low income families spend seventy-five percent of their income on items subjected to sales tax, higher than fifty percent spent by middle-income families and seventeen percent spent by the richest families†(ITEP). Considering this, the tax do not affect upper income families, but low and mid-income people who cannot afford the tax. Comparing gas tax to other states shows that, Connecticut’s gas tax is not among the highest. According to the graph provided by the ITEPS research report (July 2017), Connecticut’s four percent gas taxes is higher than certain states such as Kentucky, South Dakota, and Michigan, but lower than other states such as Alaska, Louisiana and New Mexico. As Connecticut trie s to grow its economy andShow MoreRelatedFactors, Fluctuating Gasoline Prices2323 Words   |  10 PagesMarch 2008. AMERICANS START TO CURB THEIR THIRST FOR GASOLINE. SLIDE 2 In recent years, the world s appetite for gasoline and diesel fuel grew so quickly that suppliers of these fuels had a difficult time keeping up with demand. We all know the situation with gasoline prices for the resent several years. The prices for gasoline had been changed rapidly. Mostly increasing, while the demand for it did not. For example, gasoline prices by Feb. 2008 rose to an average of $3.13 a gallon, thatRead MoreThe Price Of Gasoline Prices1662 Words   |  7 PagesIn the last ten years, gasoline prices have been increasing in Canada. Consumer spending on gasoline holds a large amount of total household expenditures. In 2009, the Consumer Price Index (CPI) calculated on average that Canadians spent about six percent of their total household budget on gasoline (Statistics Canada, 2013). Therefore, gasoline prices changes on consumer price inflation. In order to make gasoline, crude oil and refineries are required. When examined, gasoline and crude oil are twoRead M oreThe Price Of Gasoline Prices1437 Words   |  6 PagesTexas who drives a truck has felt glad about paying less money in regards to purchasing gasoline at a gas station. The truth is that the price of gasoline has been dramatically affected by the recent plunge in oil prices. There are different theories that explain the reason of this phenomenon. This paper will analyze the current oil market, as well as the key players who are winning the â€Å"war† of the oil prices. One of the theories that is used to explain this trend in the market is the one exposedRead MoreGasoline Prices765 Words   |  4 Pagespaper is Gasoline prices and potentially high state sales tax. According to Stephen Singer’s article (2017, August 24); Connecticut legislators are deciding to raise state sales tax and gas prices from its current rate to 6.85% to close a budget gap that’s predicted to reach $3.5 billion over two years to help lower state aid cut to towns. I disagree with the decision the legislators of Connecticut are making to fix budget gap with higher taxes on retail products and gasoline prices becauseRead MoreGasoline Prices702 Words   |  3 Pagespaper is Gasoline prices and potentially high state sales tax. According to Stephen Singer’s article (2017, August 24); Connecticut legislators are deciding to raise state sales tax and gas prices from its current rate to 6.85% to close a budget gap that’s predicted to reach $3 .5 billion over two years to help lower state aid cut to towns. I disagree with the decision the legislators of Connecticut are making to fix budget gap with higher taxes on retail products and gasoline prices becauseRead MoreHow Gasoline Prices Work3963 Words   |  16 PagesGas Prices Work Image Gallery: Hybrid Cars Photo by Justin Sullivan/Getty Images High gas prices can make you stop and think about your commute. See hybrid car pictures to see models that save you money.In May 2008, average gas prices in the United States approached, and in some places passed, $4.00 a gallon, shattering records. But this was nothing new to American consumers. May was a month of records that broke one after another, and that came on the heels of months of rising prices. AndRead MoreGasoline Prices Are Many With Good Reason2154 Words   |  9 PagesWe all complain about the $4 gasoline prices -- many with good reason. Anyone who works 50 miles from home and gets 20 miles per gallon is using 5 gallons a day, or $20 just for their commute. That means they are spending $100 per week (not tax deductible) just to earn a living for their family. Across the nation, the average person uses at least 400 gallons of gasoline per year, or about 8,000 miles on an average car. At $4 per gallon, that is a hefty $133 per month for each family vehicleRead MoreEssay about Increasing Oil and Gasoline Prices 1030 Words   |  5 Pageshave seen rising oil and gasoline prices continuously over the last few decades. Each year is slightly higher than the last. However, we have seen a few instances where oil and gasoline prices have spiked rapidly enough to invoke the American public to stop spending or cut back. The first time in recent history was after the hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005. Then, in July 2008 we saw a massive jump to the current record high national average of $4.50 per gallon of gasoline. Oil at this time was overRead More The Economic Factors Involved with the Rising Price of Gasoline2554 Words   |  11 Pageswith the Rising Price of Gasoline The year 2004 has seen a steady climb in the price of gasoline. From January of 2004 to May of 2004 there has been a jump of approximately .50 cents a gallon (Energy Information Administration). For many Americans high gas prices have been a hot issue with them, and there seems to be no rhyme or reason to these fluctuations. With the continued popularity of the sport-utility vehicle and the high volume of gasoline it requires, theRead MoreSupply And Demand of Gasoline Essay1018 Words   |  5 PagesSupply and Demand: Gasoline I am a husband and a father of four lovely children. We need a large vehicle to haul all of us around town. And of course I would do anything to keep them safe and I always want to provide them with the best. Therefore, after the birth of our fourth child two and a half years ago, my wife and I decided to upgrade our Ford Explorer to a Ford Expedition. We got everything from the side-curtain airbags to the TV and DVD player. What we did not know was we also purchased

Friday, December 13, 2019

Humans, Omnivorous or Vegetarians Free Essays

Some people are ‘meat lovers’ while others fiercely reject the idea of humans eating meat. Perceptions and love/hate for meat vary according to each ideological frame and culture. However, this informative essay will not address the perceptions and preferences that people might have. We will write a custom essay sample on Humans, Omnivorous or Vegetarians or any similar topic only for you Order Now It depends on a scientific debate with those who think that prehistoric man was vegetarian in nature and therefore humans should not eat meat and those who think that humans have always been omnivorous which means that we can eat seeds, grains, plants, fruits, but also animals.Through this essay I will defend that it is normal and natural that humans eat meat, in contrast with the vegetarian’s arguments, however it is healthier if we do not eat great amounts of meat per week. An argument defending human as vegetarian is centered on the characteristics of the human body compared to carnivorous animals. It argues that because humans don’t have claws or pointed teeth we shouldn’t eat meat. However, I found that the digestive and dental system of homo sapiens serves as an example on omnivorous adjustment because the incisor teeth and canine are good to tear cooked meat into pieces, whereas the molars are needed to grind vegetable matter. Furthermore, vegetarians argue that carnivorous animals have smaller intestines than humans because raw meat needs to be defecated faster, so it won’t turn bad before it can be digested. However one argument to counter this position is that humans can’t be totally vegetarian either because plant material containing fiber and cellulose cannot be efficiently broken down by the enzymes our stomachs secrete and because humans have simple-chamber stomach while herbivores have multiple-chamber stomach. This reinforces the argument that humans are omnivorous because our bodies are not totally prepared for such big amounts of meat, like carnivorous animals, nor for all kinds of plants. Rather we should have a balanced meal. Another argument sustained by vegetarians is that the man came before the fire and therefore humans only ate fruits and vegetables. Further that human disguise the meat with culinary preparations because â€Å"we cannot tolerate raw meat†. However, I found out that It all depends on a matter of evolution and adaptability. If we go back thousands of hundreds years ago when humans where similar to chimpanzees, maybe the vegetarian argument is true: humans were vegetarian. But with the same logic as we started walking on two feet because it became a necessity, our body adapted to eat meat when frost came over and eliminated all plants and fruits. Therefore, humans evolved. Homo sapiens started using pointed weapons so claws fell to disuse, homo sapiens discovered fire and found out that it made the meat softer so our canines got smaller. Our molars got flatter because of the cooked-meat diet, as well as the infusion of fruits, nuts and veggies. Furthermore, the vegetarian argument that â€Å"everything that the human body needs can be found in natural vegetation†, does not mean that we are, in fact, vegetarian. Rather it means that if one person decides to be a vegetarian, he/she can survive without the proteins provided by meat. Therefore, being vegetarian is a personal decision, not a fact applying for everyone. One should decide consciously what type of food you want to eat, but bearing in mind that eating meat is not a bad thing for our body per se because our body is prepared to it, along with fruits and vegetables. Most uninformed vegetarians argue that meat is causing health issues, but the truth is that the today’s growing population is demanding great amounts of food focusing on quantity over quality. Many animals are been feed with steroids while fruits are been cultivated with chemical substances. How to cite Humans, Omnivorous or Vegetarians, Essay examples

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Energy & Sustainability Consultant to the UN

Questions: Provide discussion related to the oil and gas companies challenges and benefits as they divert their energy sources into renewable energy, and what exactly sustainable development means to them. Answer: Introduction Oil companies strive to meet their present needs without compromising future generations abilities for meeting their needs (Barrow, 2006, p. 112) To ensure sustainable development; oil companies have a high degree of concern on the strategies applicable to reduce the adverse effects caused by their operations on the natural environment. The effects of oil and gas production on the environment increases day to day and therefore, should get responsibly managed. Environmentally conscious operations need to be applied so as to promote effectiveness in the business operations all over the globe (Margerum, 2008, p. 500). The purpose of this paper is analyzing alternative means available to ensure the sustainable development of oil and gas industries, and evaluate the measures taken by government and consumers to strengthen sustainability in the oil and gas production industry. Effects of Energy Production on the Environment Oil production has adverse effects on the environment, and this remains to be the primary cause of climate change and global warming (Smit Pilifosova, 2003, p. 9). The following are various adverse effects of energy generation to environmental sustainability.' Atmospheric effects Oil and gas production gets accompanied by the emission of harmful gasses such as carbon monoxide, methane, carbon dioxide, volatile organic carbons, and nitrogen oxides. The increased emissions of these toxic substances to the environment results in depletion of ozone layer and this is a threat to the human ecosystem (Redcliff, 2005, p. 220). Establishment of manufacturing sites requires cutting down of trees. Deforestation results in climate changes and an overall cause for global warming a hazard which are harmful to human and animal life. Socio-economic and cultural effects Exploration operations in the oil and gasses production induce detrimental effects on the economic, social, and cultural changes in the environment. Waste disposals are harmful to people and animals health while the establishment of manufacturing sites leads to dislocation of individuals from their habitat (Barbier, 1987, p. 108). Transportation systems while moving oil products from one place to another causes noise and accidents thus creating adverse effects on the natural resources. Oil production results to climate changes, and this adversely affects the normal living conditions of people. Aquatic impacts Exploration and production operations produce to aqueous waste streams. Poor effluent disposal mechanisms of sewerage water, drilling fluids, domestic wastes, and oil spills in aquatic environments is fatal (Brungs, 1973, p. 2180). Disposal of toxic constituents of the production process in water adversely affects the life of marine organisms. Ocean, lakes and seas discharges of water based mud and cuttings negatively affect benthic organisms from their discharge. Ecosystem effects Oil and gas production impacts negatively on the environment. Plants and animals may be directly affected by environmental variations caused by the consequences of oil and gas production. For example, improper disposal of oil effluents in water leads to the death of fish and other animals living in water (Camargo Alonso, 2006, p. 833). Explosives in the air and soil lead to the ultimate death of animals who survive in that environment. Direct effect on the ecology has secondary implications for the predators, if this gets not controlled, then a potential long-term effect on fauna and flora may be induced. Terrestrial Impacts Physical disturbance from construction and environmental contaminations from spillage and leakage of oil and gas while being manufactured or transported has a great capacity to damage the habitat (Barrow, 1991, p. 2). Poor design of building sites leads to soil erosion due to poor soil structure and topography. Once trees are cut down, land erosion takes place resulting in increased siltation and habitat damage (Camargo Alonso, 2006, p. 840). Habitat loss reduces the environmental capacity to support any vegetation and wildlife an effect which results in secondary ecological problems. Benefits of Environmentally Sustainable Development Environmental sustainable development conserves and enables the communitys natural resources to maintain total life quality. Sustainable development requires effective integration of environmental, social, governmental, and economic considerations in decision-making processes(Pearce Atkinson, 1993, p. 106). Good environmental management meets the demands of the current ecology without interfering with the ability of future generations. Environmental management for sustainable development has numerous advantages to the ecology some of which include: Better and efficient utilization of resources by establishing policies and procedures that reduce unnecessary expenditures. Running an excellent environmental management system that encourages better regulatory compliance about the environmental operations. The easier raising of investment funds from the banks and other financial institutions to control the environmental effects. Environmentally sustainable development assists a company to adequately market their oil and gas products in the market and thereby establishing a firm stance in the market. Strategies for Ensuring Sustainable Development Energy crisis threatens the ability to achieve sustainable development for energy producing companies. Addressing challenges that face global sustainable development in oil industries, a worldwide development agenda should be formed to facilitate transformation in the way oil and gas products get produced (Pearce Atkinson, 1993, p. 108). Another important issue to get addressed is designing sound strategies that govern how management of natural resources in the business environment should get conducted. Inclusive strategies and technology innovation Transformational actions need to get taken by developing inclusive and sustainable development policies that caring for all stakeholders' interests in the company. Collaborative strategies should be action oriented and addressed in a method that encourages significance changes in oil production processes (Hekkert, et al., 2007, p. 432). The business environment suffers from negative externalities which result from the actual production of energy products; examples include environmental pollution and population inequities (Barrow, 2006, p. 113). Technology helps in enhancing this sustainable development by factoring in all the crucial changes in the consumption patterns, and creating necessary technological phases that reorganize the entire economy. The primary goals for sustainable development are poverty alleviation, promotion of sustainable consumption patterns, efficient production, and protection and management of natural resources. Environmental management for sustainable development should be designed to bring a substantial reorganization in the natural environment as well as coming up with strategies that favor society's lifestyles (Redcliff, 2005, p. 225). The global sustainable development changes involve significant price adjustments, firm dedication to natural environment preservation, the introduction of environmental accounting, and strengthening of public spheres of the real economy. Carrying out sustainable production and consumption Management authorities should intensify and make it mandatory for producers to apply for cleaner production patent rights that increase efficiency in the production of natural resources as well as decreasing emission of effluents and pollutants to the environment (Barrow, 2006, p. 118). Establishing laws which discourage disposal of harmful effluents to the environment protects the quality ecological environment and people's health for a long-term sustainable development. Production companies should develop an environmentally friendly consumption strategy or culture. Gradual changes should be made to implement green labels that promote adjacent markets and sensitive community initiatives for sustainable production and consumption (Smit Pilifosova, 2003, p. 9). Enhancing adequate management for a sustainable environmental development requires the application of policies aimed at limiting unethical consumption, production, and disposal behavior should be made mandatory. Development of clean and renewable energies that maintain sustainable economic growth Management should develop green growth models that encourage the establishment of low carbon economy in the business environment. Developing clean and renewable sources of energy helps in establishing a cheap and adequate consumption strategy of power (Camargo Alonso, 2006, p. 844). The oil and gas industries should gradually implement market-based energy charges that factor in an improved ratio of clean and renewable energy. It is favorable to come up with a system of environmental accounting that add value in ensuring development and sustainability in the natural environment. The companies should establish an environmentally friendly technology that makes it possible to pursue sustainable development in the industrial sector with the assistance of a well laid professional based structure (Adams, 2003, p. 312). The company should come up with proactive actions that can reduce industrial pollution and develop the green industry to provide priorities in their development agenda of the business environment (Pearce Atkinson, 1993, p. 103). Transformations channeled in the environmental industry results to the general improvement of the company's investment sector. Consumer Actions for Sustainable Development Consumer markets businesses remain the primary challenge to energy industries sustainability in the environment. Users of oil and gas companies adopt business policies that assist them in sustaining both natural and human resources in a rapid phase. Consumers of energy products face the challenge of establishing sustainable corporate practices to useful in delivering services that may curb this problem (Young, et al., 2010, p. 20). Consumer markets of the firms try to come up with initiatives, measures, and adequate reporting procedures that strengthen sustainability in the development of oil and gas enterprises as discussed below. Climbing the corporate agenda Consumers of oil products have made a step forward to enhance the company's growth by taking up business plans to raise their opinions on the measures applicable in reducing environmental pollution. Despite harsh economic environment depressions that force the oil industry to focus on the immediate goals, consumers create plans that make this strategy operate on a long term basis (Young, et al., 2010, p. 31). Customers raise concerns on how the companies manage risks associated with sustainability issues, something which impacts significantly on the overall conservation of the environment. Brand enhancements Clients of oil and gas companies adopt sustainability steps that further brand improvement in a manner that influences the sustainability agenda of the millennium development goals. Consumers remain to be the leading influencers of market trends for the companies, and this is important (Young, et al., 2010, p. 30). Customer tastes, preferences, and demands dictate which oil products the company should deliver in the market, meeting customer needs makes a company gain a competitive advantage over the other businesses. Therefore, consumers employ a sustainable objective for energy industries to thrive in the market. Actions Taken by the Government to Strengthen Sustainable Development Concerns for reducing oil production effects on the environment and human health remains a point of debate all over the world. Sustainable business climate development involves the application of thriving principles on the enterprises day to day operations. The government is one major stakeholder in the industry having unremarkable interests on the performance of the business (Redcliff, 2005, p. 224). For effective reduction of the hazardous effects of oil and gas production, the government takes necessary actions that may help strengthen the businesss sustainability in a going concern as discussed below. Good government develops and maintains strategies, policies, and programs that help companies to achieve their set goals. Through governmental assistance, oil companies get enabled to make informed decisions that factor in the interests of all their stakeholders (Smit Pilifosova, 2003, p. 9). The government maintains a democratic system that promotes business sustainability in the environment. Good government supports sustainable economic strategies that enhance the establishment of a healthy business climate. The government plays major roles in establishing sustainable development of firms in the ecological environment some of which include: The government attempts to fund the basic science infrastructure required by the companies for renewable energy and renewable resource technology. The government establishes tax systems and other financial tools. Taxes get charged to ensure that businesses carry out only activities which they are entitled to operate. The government encourages companies to invest in renewable energy and other sustainability concepts for the oil industries. The government establishes regulations governing the use of land by business institutions in attempts of the minimizing destruction of ecosystems (Watson, et al., 2010, p. 33). The government sets and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and maximize resource efficiency. Conclusion States require advanced sustainability policies for business development. Oil companies have poor strategies for implementing their investments in renewable energy resources sector. Poor strategies remain to be a significant threat that creates difficulties in promoting sustainable developments in the business environment. This results in the release of waste effluents to the environment and thus posing a major challenge for climate change and at extreme circumstances leading to global warming (Redcliff, 2005, p. 227). Climate changes pose major sustainable development challenges for it affects the agricultural sectors, aquatic resources, food security, natural disasters, and other concerns of sustainable development. Government actions, effective regulations and enforcement, and inclusive planning remain critical to sustainable development. Promoting sustainable development needs the legislative authorities to formulate laws that put the public sector services at heart. Consumer actions may act as a reliable source for enhancing a sustainable development of oil companies in the business environment (Smit Pilifosova, 2003, p. 9). Therefore, actions should be taken to mitigate climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions as well as coming up with strategies that the oil industry can apply to adapt to climate changes in case they happen in future. References Adams, W. M., 2003. Green Development: Environment and Sustainability in the Third World. S.l.: Routledge. Barbier, E. B., 1987. The Concept of Sustainable Economic Development. Environmental conservation, II(14), pp. 101-110. Barrow, C., 1991. Land Degradation: Development and Breakdown of Terrestrial Environments. 2nd ed. New York: Cambridge University Press. Barrow, C., 2006. Environmental Management for Sustainable Development. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge. Brungs, W. A., 1973. Effects of Residual Chlorine on Aquatic Life. Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation, pp. 2180-2193. Camargo, J. A. Alonso, A., 2006. Ecological and Toxicological Effects of Inorganic Nitrogen Pollution in Acquatic Ecosystems: A Global Assessment. Environment International, 6(32), pp. 831-849. Hekkert, M. P. et al., 2007. Functions of Innovation Systems: A New Approach for Analysing Technological Change. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, IV(74), pp. 413-432. Lahdelma, R., Salminen, P. Hokkanen, J., 2000. Using Multi-Criteria Methods in Environmental Planning and Management. Environmental Management, VI(26), pp. 595-605. Margerum, R. D., 2008. A Typology of Collaboration Efforts in Environmental Management. Environmental Management, IV(41), pp. 487-500. Pearce, D. W. Atkinson, G. D., 1993. Capital Theory and the Measurement of Sustainable Development: An Indicator of "Weak" Sustainability. Ecological Economics, II(8), pp. 103-108. Redcliff, M., 2005. Sustainable Development(1987-20050: An Oxymoron Comes of Age. Sustainable Development, IV(13), pp. 212-227. Smit, B. Pilifosova, O., 2003. Adaptation to Climate Change in the Context of Sustainable Development and Equity. Sustainable Development, IX(8), p. 9. Watson, R. T., Boudreau, M.-C. Chen, A. J., 2010. Information Systems and Environmentally Sustainable Development: Energy Informatics and New Directions for the IS Community. MIS Quarterly, pp. 23-38. Young, W., Hwang, K., McDonald, S. Oates, J., 2010. Sustainable Consumption: Green Consumer Behavior When Purchasing Products. Sustainable Development, I(18), pp. 20-31.